Background:
The Dutch used South Africa as trading ports to India.
South Africa was created as a colony for trade.
Dutch moved North, Zulu’s (tribes) moved South.
South Africa became a British Colony in 1763 as part of the 7 years war.
Afrikaans was their official language. The Boers were mad.
19th Century-
Cecile Rhodes- Boers
Lord Kitchener- British
Transvaul (Boer territory) Orange Free State. This is where the Boers lived and ministered this area.
2nd Boer war-
England wanted this piecve of Africa. England was threatened by Germany. Start of the 19th century Germany ws becoming the most powerful nation in the world, and England didn’t want to be in second place. The Boers were fighting for their homeland. Wasn’t working out for the English. The british invent concentration camps, in their attempt to do whatever they had to do to win the war. They were losing. So they wanted to lure the Boer soldiers by capturing their women and children and putting them in concentration camps, and Boer farmers weren’t just gonna let them starve and die so all their crops got destroyed etc.
Class association in SA- Boers second place to the English. The English invite SA to join the commonwealth.
They also embark on a program of economic rehabilitation. As the English move out, the English hand over their power to the Afrikaans.
80% of the population were Bantus, governed by the white dutch.
the 20% was chosen to govern the country through social darwinism, the belief of faulty science that suggests white people were superior. The South African Native National Congress, later changed to ANC. Political body formed by the vast majority of the population. Big political movement.
In the 1930’s the rise of Hitler.
Majority of white South Africans supported the Nazi Party.
The Dutch Reformist church was in support of the Nazi’s. They later supported the National party, they came to power in 1948. Their leader was Daniel Malan.
By 1948 Hitler was defeated by the Slavic nation.
The world now rejects nazi’sm and nazi eugenics. South Africa is immune to this though. Because then 80% of the population will quickly seize control. The 20% didn’t want to give up power. The Afrikaans vote for the party that keeps them in power. The policy they campaign are , is the problems in south africa is that we are living too close together, and they should create a separate racist society. (APARTHEID). This was successful, and they begin to pass legislation. (80% of the population has absolutely no say in what was going on)
In 1950 the Group Areas Act legally confirmed apartheid to take place. The idea was to geographically separate the races.
1953- Separate Amenities Act. Philosophically they agreed to separate everyone, but this said that if you wanted to go over there, if you had a race card. You were put into a category of 1 2 or 3 and the top were whites, 2 were for coloured (south east asia or indians) and then 3 for blacks.
Separate beaches and hospitals. Difference in quality were large. Sidewalks, couldn’t share water fountains and bathrooms , complete separation of society due to the philosophy of Apartheid. Sports became separated too. Everyone had to carry ID documents clearly stating your race.
Then came separation of towns- “White only towns”
Americans in Georgia, Alabama and Missisipi understood segrigated schools.
In Canada at the time, the aboriginals and whites were also separated with reserves.
South Africans decided to do the same thing. The blacks were pushed out into areas also known as “Homelands” or “Bantustans” (south african reserve system.)
80% of the population living on 11-13% of land.
The land was terrible. Couldn’t grow or farm, no cultural heritage roots. Was just an excuse to push the blacks into cramped positions.
PAC-ANC
Were inspired and practiced by the work of Mahatma Gandhi. Gandhi's vision was to not do what they say.
The non violent resistance movement came to a dramatic end in 1960 in Sharpsville. There was a protest with 5-20,000 people. Many women were protesting the apartheid legislations that were put forth. When the SA police arrived, without warning the police opened fire. This was the reality of the SA police force at this time in history.
A result of sharpsville was both the PAC and ANC were outlawed.
Nelson Mandela- Student of Gandhi. He was into non violent resistance.
He realised non violence was not gonna work in South Africa. He created a group called the umkhanto we sizwe “spear of the nation” the military wing of the ANC. Mandela was arrested once again and convicted in 1964 and stays in prison until 1989. Once out of prison he becomes a symbol of resistance. The international community coupled with the resistance within south africa brings an end to the apartheid.
-Canada, Australia and Great Britain, were the most outspoken about what happened in Sharpsville.
-SA leave the common wealth.
The bantistans had elected officials, but the whites controlled them like puppets.
-WHITE CONTROL-
seperation, was a way for the white to control majority of the population- how south africa was in the 1980’s.
80-85% of the population was in direct opposition to the regim.
The afrikaans created south africa. They were persecuted by the English. The Afrikaans believed that south africa would create for themselves to be free. The afrikaans believed they needed to seperate the english from them to be free.
In 1974 in Sharpsville there was a huge turning point- this was the time where it became very clear apartheid could not sustain.
Afrikaans Medium decree- in all of south africa (black and white) ur kids could learn 1 of 2 languages. afrikaans or english. they made it illegal to learn any other language. for 80% of the population, their heritage or culture was illegal. it became impossible to pass on your traditions. 1974 the crowds happened. sharpsville was a peaceful protest but Soweto was an angry protest. The afrikaans believed their very existance was extinct so they were driven to fight. In Soweto more than 1500 armoured vehicles, tanks and machine guns. 600 people were killed. For the first time after Soweto, white students from universities joined the black communities against the government. No nation on earth was permitted to trade arms with South Africa. Israel is the only nation who trades with South Africa. South Africa kicked out of the world cup. South Africa became a nuclear power plant.
Riots in south africa continue.
1985-
President of SA, hardcored apartheid guy. Having to shut down so many riots and uprisings. He issued a state of emergency, and it was never lifted. Protests in the streets around the world to end apartheid.
1989- There’s an election. De Klerk came to power. Grew up in the apartheid regime. Prime Minister of South Africa. Decides the separation can no longer be tolerated. Said blacks are citizens just as whites are citizens. “Different in the same country”. His first move is he legalizes the ANC (terrorist organization for 28 years- car bombings and acts of terror, now becomes a legitimate political organization) As soon as this happens, everyone asks for 1 more step- Mandella. (Symbole of anti-apartheid movement, rotting in prison for 25 years, De Klerk then uses his powers as head of state to free Mandela)
1993- Both Mandela and De Klerk share the Nobile peace prize. Mandela becomes president. Mandela was such an important figure that he was universally accepted by black and whites. First thing he does is put together the “Truth and reconciliation” commission. Said if we keep going out and trying to get revenge.. no one actually wins in the end. Says we need to move forward. Comes out & accepts what they’ve done. Forgive & forward. Revenge is living in the past. The best revenge is living well.
2000-21’st century-
been wrestling with the ghosts of apartheid. South Africa is a very unstable place since Mandela died. Significant problems.
The Dutch used South Africa as trading ports to India.
South Africa was created as a colony for trade.
Dutch moved North, Zulu’s (tribes) moved South.
South Africa became a British Colony in 1763 as part of the 7 years war.
Afrikaans was their official language. The Boers were mad.
19th Century-
Cecile Rhodes- Boers
Lord Kitchener- British
Transvaul (Boer territory) Orange Free State. This is where the Boers lived and ministered this area.
2nd Boer war-
England wanted this piecve of Africa. England was threatened by Germany. Start of the 19th century Germany ws becoming the most powerful nation in the world, and England didn’t want to be in second place. The Boers were fighting for their homeland. Wasn’t working out for the English. The british invent concentration camps, in their attempt to do whatever they had to do to win the war. They were losing. So they wanted to lure the Boer soldiers by capturing their women and children and putting them in concentration camps, and Boer farmers weren’t just gonna let them starve and die so all their crops got destroyed etc.
Class association in SA- Boers second place to the English. The English invite SA to join the commonwealth.
They also embark on a program of economic rehabilitation. As the English move out, the English hand over their power to the Afrikaans.
80% of the population were Bantus, governed by the white dutch.
the 20% was chosen to govern the country through social darwinism, the belief of faulty science that suggests white people were superior. The South African Native National Congress, later changed to ANC. Political body formed by the vast majority of the population. Big political movement.
In the 1930’s the rise of Hitler.
Majority of white South Africans supported the Nazi Party.
The Dutch Reformist church was in support of the Nazi’s. They later supported the National party, they came to power in 1948. Their leader was Daniel Malan.
By 1948 Hitler was defeated by the Slavic nation.
The world now rejects nazi’sm and nazi eugenics. South Africa is immune to this though. Because then 80% of the population will quickly seize control. The 20% didn’t want to give up power. The Afrikaans vote for the party that keeps them in power. The policy they campaign are , is the problems in south africa is that we are living too close together, and they should create a separate racist society. (APARTHEID). This was successful, and they begin to pass legislation. (80% of the population has absolutely no say in what was going on)
In 1950 the Group Areas Act legally confirmed apartheid to take place. The idea was to geographically separate the races.
1953- Separate Amenities Act. Philosophically they agreed to separate everyone, but this said that if you wanted to go over there, if you had a race card. You were put into a category of 1 2 or 3 and the top were whites, 2 were for coloured (south east asia or indians) and then 3 for blacks.
Separate beaches and hospitals. Difference in quality were large. Sidewalks, couldn’t share water fountains and bathrooms , complete separation of society due to the philosophy of Apartheid. Sports became separated too. Everyone had to carry ID documents clearly stating your race.
Then came separation of towns- “White only towns”
Americans in Georgia, Alabama and Missisipi understood segrigated schools.
In Canada at the time, the aboriginals and whites were also separated with reserves.
South Africans decided to do the same thing. The blacks were pushed out into areas also known as “Homelands” or “Bantustans” (south african reserve system.)
80% of the population living on 11-13% of land.
The land was terrible. Couldn’t grow or farm, no cultural heritage roots. Was just an excuse to push the blacks into cramped positions.
PAC-ANC
Were inspired and practiced by the work of Mahatma Gandhi. Gandhi's vision was to not do what they say.
The non violent resistance movement came to a dramatic end in 1960 in Sharpsville. There was a protest with 5-20,000 people. Many women were protesting the apartheid legislations that were put forth. When the SA police arrived, without warning the police opened fire. This was the reality of the SA police force at this time in history.
A result of sharpsville was both the PAC and ANC were outlawed.
Nelson Mandela- Student of Gandhi. He was into non violent resistance.
He realised non violence was not gonna work in South Africa. He created a group called the umkhanto we sizwe “spear of the nation” the military wing of the ANC. Mandela was arrested once again and convicted in 1964 and stays in prison until 1989. Once out of prison he becomes a symbol of resistance. The international community coupled with the resistance within south africa brings an end to the apartheid.
-Canada, Australia and Great Britain, were the most outspoken about what happened in Sharpsville.
-SA leave the common wealth.
The bantistans had elected officials, but the whites controlled them like puppets.
-WHITE CONTROL-
seperation, was a way for the white to control majority of the population- how south africa was in the 1980’s.
80-85% of the population was in direct opposition to the regim.
The afrikaans created south africa. They were persecuted by the English. The Afrikaans believed that south africa would create for themselves to be free. The afrikaans believed they needed to seperate the english from them to be free.
In 1974 in Sharpsville there was a huge turning point- this was the time where it became very clear apartheid could not sustain.
Afrikaans Medium decree- in all of south africa (black and white) ur kids could learn 1 of 2 languages. afrikaans or english. they made it illegal to learn any other language. for 80% of the population, their heritage or culture was illegal. it became impossible to pass on your traditions. 1974 the crowds happened. sharpsville was a peaceful protest but Soweto was an angry protest. The afrikaans believed their very existance was extinct so they were driven to fight. In Soweto more than 1500 armoured vehicles, tanks and machine guns. 600 people were killed. For the first time after Soweto, white students from universities joined the black communities against the government. No nation on earth was permitted to trade arms with South Africa. Israel is the only nation who trades with South Africa. South Africa kicked out of the world cup. South Africa became a nuclear power plant.
Riots in south africa continue.
1985-
President of SA, hardcored apartheid guy. Having to shut down so many riots and uprisings. He issued a state of emergency, and it was never lifted. Protests in the streets around the world to end apartheid.
1989- There’s an election. De Klerk came to power. Grew up in the apartheid regime. Prime Minister of South Africa. Decides the separation can no longer be tolerated. Said blacks are citizens just as whites are citizens. “Different in the same country”. His first move is he legalizes the ANC (terrorist organization for 28 years- car bombings and acts of terror, now becomes a legitimate political organization) As soon as this happens, everyone asks for 1 more step- Mandella. (Symbole of anti-apartheid movement, rotting in prison for 25 years, De Klerk then uses his powers as head of state to free Mandela)
1993- Both Mandela and De Klerk share the Nobile peace prize. Mandela becomes president. Mandela was such an important figure that he was universally accepted by black and whites. First thing he does is put together the “Truth and reconciliation” commission. Said if we keep going out and trying to get revenge.. no one actually wins in the end. Says we need to move forward. Comes out & accepts what they’ve done. Forgive & forward. Revenge is living in the past. The best revenge is living well.
2000-21’st century-
been wrestling with the ghosts of apartheid. South Africa is a very unstable place since Mandela died. Significant problems.
Subjunctive question: If Mandela didn't add a military portion to the ANC, would Africa evolved how it is today?
Quote:“If you want to make peace with your enemy, you have to work with your enemy. Then he becomes your partner.”
3,2,1: Divided, Corrupt, resistant
If Mandela had not been born, would another political leader have stepped in and taken the same steps of social justice Mandela had?
If Mandela were not released from prison, would this conflict have ever been resolved?
South Africa is like a peanut butter and jelly sandwich, you just need both sides.
Essay:
Quote:“If you want to make peace with your enemy, you have to work with your enemy. Then he becomes your partner.”
3,2,1: Divided, Corrupt, resistant
If Mandela had not been born, would another political leader have stepped in and taken the same steps of social justice Mandela had?
If Mandela were not released from prison, would this conflict have ever been resolved?
South Africa is like a peanut butter and jelly sandwich, you just need both sides.
Essay: